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+/*! https://mths.be/punycode v1.4.1 by @mathias */
+;(function(root) {
+
+ /** Detect free variables */
+ var freeExports = typeof exports == 'object' && exports &&
+ !exports.nodeType && exports;
+ var freeModule = typeof module == 'object' && module &&
+ !module.nodeType && module;
+ var freeGlobal = typeof global == 'object' && global;
+ if (
+ freeGlobal.global === freeGlobal ||
+ freeGlobal.window === freeGlobal ||
+ freeGlobal.self === freeGlobal
+ ) {
+ root = freeGlobal;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * The `punycode` object.
+ * @name punycode
+ * @type Object
+ */
+ var punycode,
+
+ /** Highest positive signed 32-bit float value */
+ maxInt = 2147483647, // aka. 0x7FFFFFFF or 2^31-1
+
+ /** Bootstring parameters */
+ base = 36,
+ tMin = 1,
+ tMax = 26,
+ skew = 38,
+ damp = 700,
+ initialBias = 72,
+ initialN = 128, // 0x80
+ delimiter = '-', // '\x2D'
+
+ /** Regular expressions */
+ regexPunycode = /^xn--/,
+ regexNonASCII = /[^\x20-\x7E]/, // unprintable ASCII chars + non-ASCII chars
+ regexSeparators = /[\x2E\u3002\uFF0E\uFF61]/g, // RFC 3490 separators
+
+ /** Error messages */
+ errors = {
+ 'overflow': 'Overflow: input needs wider integers to process',
+ 'not-basic': 'Illegal input >= 0x80 (not a basic code point)',
+ 'invalid-input': 'Invalid input'
+ },
+
+ /** Convenience shortcuts */
+ baseMinusTMin = base - tMin,
+ floor = Math.floor,
+ stringFromCharCode = String.fromCharCode,
+
+ /** Temporary variable */
+ key;
+
+ /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+ /**
+ * A generic error utility function.
+ * @private
+ * @param {String} type The error type.
+ * @returns {Error} Throws a `RangeError` with the applicable error message.
+ */
+ function error(type) {
+ throw new RangeError(errors[type]);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * A generic `Array#map` utility function.
+ * @private
+ * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function} callback The function that gets called for every array
+ * item.
+ * @returns {Array} A new array of values returned by the callback function.
+ */
+ function map(array, fn) {
+ var length = array.length;
+ var result = [];
+ while (length--) {
+ result[length] = fn(array[length]);
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * A simple `Array#map`-like wrapper to work with domain name strings or email
+ * addresses.
+ * @private
+ * @param {String} domain The domain name or email address.
+ * @param {Function} callback The function that gets called for every
+ * character.
+ * @returns {Array} A new string of characters returned by the callback
+ * function.
+ */
+ function mapDomain(string, fn) {
+ var parts = string.split('@');
+ var result = '';
+ if (parts.length > 1) {
+ // In email addresses, only the domain name should be punycoded. Leave
+ // the local part (i.e. everything up to `@`) intact.
+ result = parts[0] + '@';
+ string = parts[1];
+ }
+ // Avoid `split(regex)` for IE8 compatibility. See #17.
+ string = string.replace(regexSeparators, '\x2E');
+ var labels = string.split('.');
+ var encoded = map(labels, fn).join('.');
+ return result + encoded;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an array containing the numeric code points of each Unicode
+ * character in the string. While JavaScript uses UCS-2 internally,
+ * this function will convert a pair of surrogate halves (each of which
+ * UCS-2 exposes as separate characters) into a single code point,
+ * matching UTF-16.
+ * @see `punycode.ucs2.encode`
+ * @see <https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/javascript-encoding>
+ * @memberOf punycode.ucs2
+ * @name decode
+ * @param {String} string The Unicode input string (UCS-2).
+ * @returns {Array} The new array of code points.
+ */
+ function ucs2decode(string) {
+ var output = [],
+ counter = 0,
+ length = string.length,
+ value,
+ extra;
+ while (counter < length) {
+ value = string.charCodeAt(counter++);
+ if (value >= 0xD800 && value <= 0xDBFF && counter < length) {
+ // high surrogate, and there is a next character
+ extra = string.charCodeAt(counter++);
+ if ((extra & 0xFC00) == 0xDC00) { // low surrogate
+ output.push(((value & 0x3FF) << 10) + (extra & 0x3FF) + 0x10000);
+ } else {
+ // unmatched surrogate; only append this code unit, in case the next
+ // code unit is the high surrogate of a surrogate pair
+ output.push(value);
+ counter--;
+ }
+ } else {
+ output.push(value);
+ }
+ }
+ return output;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a string based on an array of numeric code points.
+ * @see `punycode.ucs2.decode`
+ * @memberOf punycode.ucs2
+ * @name encode
+ * @param {Array} codePoints The array of numeric code points.
+ * @returns {String} The new Unicode string (UCS-2).
+ */
+ function ucs2encode(array) {
+ return map(array, function(value) {
+ var output = '';
+ if (value > 0xFFFF) {
+ value -= 0x10000;
+ output += stringFromCharCode(value >>> 10 & 0x3FF | 0xD800);
+ value = 0xDC00 | value & 0x3FF;
+ }
+ output += stringFromCharCode(value);
+ return output;
+ }).join('');
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Converts a basic code point into a digit/integer.
+ * @see `digitToBasic()`
+ * @private
+ * @param {Number} codePoint The basic numeric code point value.
+ * @returns {Number} The numeric value of a basic code point (for use in
+ * representing integers) in the range `0` to `base - 1`, or `base` if
+ * the code point does not represent a value.
+ */
+ function basicToDigit(codePoint) {
+ if (codePoint - 48 < 10) {
+ return codePoint - 22;
+ }
+ if (codePoint - 65 < 26) {
+ return codePoint - 65;
+ }
+ if (codePoint - 97 < 26) {
+ return codePoint - 97;
+ }
+ return base;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Converts a digit/integer into a basic code point.
+ * @see `basicToDigit()`
+ * @private
+ * @param {Number} digit The numeric value of a basic code point.
+ * @returns {Number} The basic code point whose value (when used for
+ * representing integers) is `digit`, which needs to be in the range
+ * `0` to `base - 1`. If `flag` is non-zero, the uppercase form is
+ * used; else, the lowercase form is used. The behavior is undefined
+ * if `flag` is non-zero and `digit` has no uppercase form.
+ */
+ function digitToBasic(digit, flag) {
+ // 0..25 map to ASCII a..z or A..Z
+ // 26..35 map to ASCII 0..9
+ return digit + 22 + 75 * (digit < 26) - ((flag != 0) << 5);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Bias adaptation function as per section 3.4 of RFC 3492.
+ * https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3492#section-3.4
+ * @private
+ */
+ function adapt(delta, numPoints, firstTime) {
+ var k = 0;
+ delta = firstTime ? floor(delta / damp) : delta >> 1;
+ delta += floor(delta / numPoints);
+ for (/* no initialization */; delta > baseMinusTMin * tMax >> 1; k += base) {
+ delta = floor(delta / baseMinusTMin);
+ }
+ return floor(k + (baseMinusTMin + 1) * delta / (delta + skew));
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Converts a Punycode string of ASCII-only symbols to a string of Unicode
+ * symbols.
+ * @memberOf punycode
+ * @param {String} input The Punycode string of ASCII-only symbols.
+ * @returns {String} The resulting string of Unicode symbols.
+ */
+ function decode(input) {
+ // Don't use UCS-2
+ var output = [],
+ inputLength = input.length,
+ out,
+ i = 0,
+ n = initialN,
+ bias = initialBias,
+ basic,
+ j,
+ index,
+ oldi,
+ w,
+ k,
+ digit,
+ t,
+ /** Cached calculation results */
+ baseMinusT;
+
+ // Handle the basic code points: let `basic` be the number of input code
+ // points before the last delimiter, or `0` if there is none, then copy
+ // the first basic code points to the output.
+
+ basic = input.lastIndexOf(delimiter);
+ if (basic < 0) {
+ basic = 0;
+ }
+
+ for (j = 0; j < basic; ++j) {
+ // if it's not a basic code point
+ if (input.charCodeAt(j) >= 0x80) {
+ error('not-basic');
+ }
+ output.push(input.charCodeAt(j));
+ }
+
+ // Main decoding loop: start just after the last delimiter if any basic code
+ // points were copied; start at the beginning otherwise.
+
+ for (index = basic > 0 ? basic + 1 : 0; index < inputLength; /* no final expression */) {
+
+ // `index` is the index of the next character to be consumed.
+ // Decode a generalized variable-length integer into `delta`,
+ // which gets added to `i`. The overflow checking is easier
+ // if we increase `i` as we go, then subtract off its starting
+ // value at the end to obtain `delta`.
+ for (oldi = i, w = 1, k = base; /* no condition */; k += base) {
+
+ if (index >= inputLength) {
+ error('invalid-input');
+ }
+
+ digit = basicToDigit(input.charCodeAt(index++));
+
+ if (digit >= base || digit > floor((maxInt - i) / w)) {
+ error('overflow');
+ }
+
+ i += digit * w;
+ t = k <= bias ? tMin : (k >= bias + tMax ? tMax : k - bias);
+
+ if (digit < t) {
+ break;
+ }
+
+ baseMinusT = base - t;
+ if (w > floor(maxInt / baseMinusT)) {
+ error('overflow');
+ }
+
+ w *= baseMinusT;
+
+ }
+
+ out = output.length + 1;
+ bias = adapt(i - oldi, out, oldi == 0);
+
+ // `i` was supposed to wrap around from `out` to `0`,
+ // incrementing `n` each time, so we'll fix that now:
+ if (floor(i / out) > maxInt - n) {
+ error('overflow');
+ }
+
+ n += floor(i / out);
+ i %= out;
+
+ // Insert `n` at position `i` of the output
+ output.splice(i++, 0, n);
+
+ }
+
+ return ucs2encode(output);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Converts a string of Unicode symbols (e.g. a domain name label) to a
+ * Punycode string of ASCII-only symbols.
+ * @memberOf punycode
+ * @param {String} input The string of Unicode symbols.
+ * @returns {String} The resulting Punycode string of ASCII-only symbols.
+ */
+ function encode(input) {
+ var n,
+ delta,
+ handledCPCount,
+ basicLength,
+ bias,
+ j,
+ m,
+ q,
+ k,
+ t,
+ currentValue,
+ output = [],
+ /** `inputLength` will hold the number of code points in `input`. */
+ inputLength,
+ /** Cached calculation results */
+ handledCPCountPlusOne,
+ baseMinusT,
+ qMinusT;
+
+ // Convert the input in UCS-2 to Unicode
+ input = ucs2decode(input);
+
+ // Cache the length
+ inputLength = input.length;
+
+ // Initialize the state
+ n = initialN;
+ delta = 0;
+ bias = initialBias;
+
+ // Handle the basic code points
+ for (j = 0; j < inputLength; ++j) {
+ currentValue = input[j];
+ if (currentValue < 0x80) {
+ output.push(stringFromCharCode(currentValue));
+ }
+ }
+
+ handledCPCount = basicLength = output.length;
+
+ // `handledCPCount` is the number of code points that have been handled;
+ // `basicLength` is the number of basic code points.
+
+ // Finish the basic string - if it is not empty - with a delimiter
+ if (basicLength) {
+ output.push(delimiter);
+ }
+
+ // Main encoding loop:
+ while (handledCPCount < inputLength) {
+
+ // All non-basic code points < n have been handled already. Find the next
+ // larger one:
+ for (m = maxInt, j = 0; j < inputLength; ++j) {
+ currentValue = input[j];
+ if (currentValue >= n && currentValue < m) {
+ m = currentValue;
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Increase `delta` enough to advance the decoder's <n,i> state to <m,0>,
+ // but guard against overflow
+ handledCPCountPlusOne = handledCPCount + 1;
+ if (m - n > floor((maxInt - delta) / handledCPCountPlusOne)) {
+ error('overflow');
+ }
+
+ delta += (m - n) * handledCPCountPlusOne;
+ n = m;
+
+ for (j = 0; j < inputLength; ++j) {
+ currentValue = input[j];
+
+ if (currentValue < n && ++delta > maxInt) {
+ error('overflow');
+ }
+
+ if (currentValue == n) {
+ // Represent delta as a generalized variable-length integer
+ for (q = delta, k = base; /* no condition */; k += base) {
+ t = k <= bias ? tMin : (k >= bias + tMax ? tMax : k - bias);
+ if (q < t) {
+ break;
+ }
+ qMinusT = q - t;
+ baseMinusT = base - t;
+ output.push(
+ stringFromCharCode(digitToBasic(t + qMinusT % baseMinusT, 0))
+ );
+ q = floor(qMinusT / baseMinusT);
+ }
+
+ output.push(stringFromCharCode(digitToBasic(q, 0)));
+ bias = adapt(delta, handledCPCountPlusOne, handledCPCount == basicLength);
+ delta = 0;
+ ++handledCPCount;
+ }
+ }
+
+ ++delta;
+ ++n;
+
+ }
+ return output.join('');
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Converts a Punycode string representing a domain name or an email address
+ * to Unicode. Only the Punycoded parts of the input will be converted, i.e.
+ * it doesn't matter if you call it on a string that has already been
+ * converted to Unicode.
+ * @memberOf punycode
+ * @param {String} input The Punycoded domain name or email address to
+ * convert to Unicode.
+ * @returns {String} The Unicode representation of the given Punycode
+ * string.
+ */
+ function toUnicode(input) {
+ return mapDomain(input, function(string) {
+ return regexPunycode.test(string)
+ ? decode(string.slice(4).toLowerCase())
+ : string;
+ });
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Converts a Unicode string representing a domain name or an email address to
+ * Punycode. Only the non-ASCII parts of the domain name will be converted,
+ * i.e. it doesn't matter if you call it with a domain that's already in
+ * ASCII.
+ * @memberOf punycode
+ * @param {String} input The domain name or email address to convert, as a
+ * Unicode string.
+ * @returns {String} The Punycode representation of the given domain name or
+ * email address.
+ */
+ function toASCII(input) {
+ return mapDomain(input, function(string) {
+ return regexNonASCII.test(string)
+ ? 'xn--' + encode(string)
+ : string;
+ });
+ }
+
+ /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+ /** Define the public API */
+ punycode = {
+ /**
+ * A string representing the current Punycode.js version number.
+ * @memberOf punycode
+ * @type String
+ */
+ 'version': '1.4.1',
+ /**
+ * An object of methods to convert from JavaScript's internal character
+ * representation (UCS-2) to Unicode code points, and back.
+ * @see <https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/javascript-encoding>
+ * @memberOf punycode
+ * @type Object
+ */
+ 'ucs2': {
+ 'decode': ucs2decode,
+ 'encode': ucs2encode
+ },
+ 'decode': decode,
+ 'encode': encode,
+ 'toASCII': toASCII,
+ 'toUnicode': toUnicode
+ };
+
+ /** Expose `punycode` */
+ // Some AMD build optimizers, like r.js, check for specific condition patterns
+ // like the following:
+ if (
+ typeof define == 'function' &&
+ typeof define.amd == 'object' &&
+ define.amd
+ ) {
+ define('punycode', function() {
+ return punycode;
+ });
+ } else if (freeExports && freeModule) {
+ if (module.exports == freeExports) {
+ // in Node.js, io.js, or RingoJS v0.8.0+
+ freeModule.exports = punycode;
+ } else {
+ // in Narwhal or RingoJS v0.7.0-
+ for (key in punycode) {
+ punycode.hasOwnProperty(key) && (freeExports[key] = punycode[key]);
+ }
+ }
+ } else {
+ // in Rhino or a web browser
+ root.punycode = punycode;
+ }
+
+}(this));